Essay and Research Paper Essay

Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. There is a true saying that everyone knows: playing sports is very good for our health. Playing sport helps us stay in shape, builds up our teamwork skill, and makes us consistent players. But there is a truth that not many people can realize: spending too much time on sports may cause some bad influences. Especially when it comes to young children. They need a balanced schedule so that they can take advantage and avoid some disadvantages of playing sports First, playing sports is necessary for everyone to reserve good health. It is proven by scientists that doing exercises or playing sports regularly helps people stay in a good shape, and helps avoid some health problems such as heart attack or blood pressure. For those reasons, young children should spend time in playing sport everyday. But if they spend too much time on that, they will not have enough time to participate in many other interesting and useful activities, such as going on a picnic with their friends or learning to play musical instruments†¦Even worse, they may not spend enough time on study. Second, playing sports helps young children develop their team-work skill. Usually when playing sport, they will be allocated into teams. By trying to connect with other team members to win to the game, they will learn how to get along with people, how to understand other people’s ideas, and how to coordinate with the others to get the best result, not only in sports, but also in study or in a working environment. But still, if they spend too much time on playing sports, there will be a disadvantage for young children, since they spend too much time hanging on with the others in a team, will not know how to handle problems alone, resulting in performing badly when working independently. Lastly, playing sports helps children learn how to stand up after failing, making them competitive in any tournament. It is definite that everyone will fail at least once when they play sport. The desire of being the winner urges them to try more and more. The more they try, the better.they become, but once they are so involved in the game, they somehow become so aggressive. Some will try anything to win, and some will even play unfairly to be the winner. The stories about the soccer players using drugs or the players fighting in a game are clear evidences to the disadvantage of playing sport when it is not under control.

Mary Shelley Frankenstein: Ugly Society

Frankenstein is full of horrible elements about human society. Mary Shelley shows many of the sides of human beings that are not necessarily positive attributes. She really gives a kind of critique on mankind’s judgement of others. In this novel, a major theme is that in society people judge people by their looks and this judgment may cause negativity, this can be seen through the characters, Victor and the creature, when they judge other characters or are judged themselves. When you meet someone, the first thing you do is start judging them on what their wearing or how their hair is styled, and this is not always a good thing.Immediately after Victor gave the monster the last touch to spark life in it, he simply judged the monster on its looks only. Since the creature was very ugly looking, this did not bring up a very positive situation for Victor. Victor described the first contact with the monster when he says, â€Å"I had gazed on him while unfinished; he was ugly then; but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived†(p. 68).If I was to witness this without knowing the prior events I would be frightened. Although, since Victor knows exactly what is going on as he is giving the monster life, it is odd that he should be so frightened. Its so bad that Victor nearly rejects the creature at conception. In accordance with Victor's actions towards his initial contact with the monster, Shelley kept the theme of mankind condemning an individual due to its looks by having Victor scared of the monster strictly due to its ugliness.This is different than if I was the one in the laboratory, I would be very scared as would anyone. However, due to the fact that Victor had worked on it for a couple of years and knew the situation exactly, he had no real right to be scared by the plain sight of the creature. Since he was fully expecting the creature to come to life, it was kind of odd that he would disown the creature so abruptly, which goes along with the critique that the author probably intended.Therefore, as Shelley presumably wanted to emphasize, humans use vision as their primary form of acceptance in too many occasions. This particular situation would constitute a valid use of a very over-used proverb, â€Å"one should never judge a book by its cover. † In this novel, Victor â€Å"judged a book by its cover† as much of society does and did not accept the creature for its actions or any other attributes other than that its ugliness, which was enough for him to be appalled.This same theme is the very reason as to why the creature goes on a killing rampage. Frankenstein’s creature begins to realize after a number of years that his ugly looks will gain no acceptance from anyone. This is especially true to him because his very creator or â€Å"father† would not accept him on the basis of ugliness. The creature himself realizes t his as well. After reading Victor's journal that he found, the creature said, â€Å"Accursed Creator! Why did you form a monster so hideous that even you turned from me in disgust? â€Å"(p. 171).Since his only contact with society, apart from the contact with a blind man, has been with people who show only horror when they lay eyes on him, the creature starts to see that he will not be able to be a part of human society based on his physical appearance. That saddens him because of his need for companionship. That is probably a major part of Shelley's critique on society. Therefore, the creature begins to go on a sort of â€Å"killing rampage† until Victor meets his demands and creates another creature as to give him a companion to live and associate with.Since Victor cannot get himself to do just that, the creature goes on a killing rampage on people that specifically effect Victor emotionally. This is relevant since Victor’s judgment caused the creatures abandonmen t based on looks, and now Victor is going to suffer. When you judge someone on their looks it can affect you in negative ways, such as in racism, when people judge others on their skin tone, fights will occur, riots can flood the streets, and even death will happen.Society shows that judging looks has a very bad flaw that can result in chaotic outcomes. In Frankenstein, Shelley is really able to make a critique on society and its faults. She used the various characters as tools to get through to the reader the state of mankind and some of the problems that are present. In fact I, along with others, believe that she greatly intended on making the conflicts that society faces present in an entertaining form.

The debate between essentialism and social construction

The debate between essentialism and social construction is a very complicated one. Since both essentialists and social constructionists have different perspectives on matters, in order to be able to decide whether or not there was a presence of homosexual persons over time and place certain aspects have to be taken into consideration. Such as, was it biologically inherited, was it brought about with a preference on acts and desires or overtime influenced by religion, culture, beliefs, social norms, and acceptance has a define answer is a tough decision to make. Essentialists are stereotypical; they choose to have a set definition of a homosexual, whereas a social constructionist would have variations in their idea of what makes a homosexual. A social constructionist would disagree with whether the presence of homosexual persons over time and place have a set thought as to homosexuality was biologically inherited because they would feel that, that would be limiting the thought of other aspects influencing homosexuality. Social constructionists would feel that there is not just one set category or definition that makes you a homosexual. For example, an essentialist would say that a homosexual is someone who has black hair; therefore everyone who has black hair to an essentialist would be a homosexual. Whereas, a social constructionist would say black hair, brown, yellow, purple it doesn't matter it is in fact what that person felt that made him a homosexual. So taking an essentialist point of view stating that there was homosexual persons throughout time and place would discriminate other homosexuals who had different sexual desires, preferences, and acts that transcended through time due to other influencing matters. Matters such as culture, social norms and acceptance, beliefs, and backgrounds are good examples. Whereas Gordon and Abott state, â€Å"Social Constructionism usually has to do with categorizing. † This statement could be viewed as someone stating that religion is a deciding factor to whether someone is homosexual and someone else saying that background is a deciding factor to deciding homosexuality. There are two ideas or theory's stated here that both do influence homosexually. A social constructionist would be able to figure out what is means to be influenced by religion and what is meant to be influenced by background, and be versatile between the two the groups allowing homosexual individuals themselves to decide which factor influenced them even if it was both religion and background.. While an essentialist would simply state those definitions and state which category he/she would fall into there would be not switching into groups. (Gordon and Abott). In the article the Hijras of India by Serena Nanda, the Hijras of India are viewed as a separate group just like gay, lesbian and bisexual people in any other cultures, countries, religions, etc, just because their differences are not viewed as a social norm. They are also treated differently in every aspect because of different influences such as births and weddings. Hijras are a religious group of men who dress and act like women either because they are men who are bisexual and gay, or because when they were young boys they were castrated because of religious beliefs. The Hijras that were castrated when the where young boys are neither men nor women and cannot reproduce so they are viewed as powerful, able to curse those who disrespect them, yet outsiders in their contribution to this India society. Considering gay, lesbian and bisexual lives are not accepted in this culture, would it be reasonable to say that these men who started this religious belief where gay or bisexual men are looking for a way to express there emotions in this non accepting society? This would be a social constructionist view because over time actions and desires have changed in this society because acceptance, beliefs, culture, etc have become more accepting and understanding of the true meaning behind this religious belief. Some other things that came up were are these acts still being performed to younger boys and is this against their religion to deny a human being the right to be male and reproduce (source: Nanda)? In Class on Tuesday September 23, 2003 we had a class discussion on biological differences or mishaps that happen to babies that make it confusing to decide what sex that baby really is. In this class discussion we looked at different examples of baby girls who had their chromosomes in tact but their ovaries were inside of them and had larger clitorises. Should they have been men? We also looked at many other different situations pertaining to that subject. This could also relate back to the Hijras because they could not help what was done to them and this was only done because of social norms and social acceptance. This being an essentialist point of view there was a need for order and meaning. A social constructionist would just simply say that they could fall into many categories and find out what it means to be an XYYY baby or an XX baby with no vagina hole. â€Å"Thus, social constructionists spend much time â€Å"deconstructing† things: demonstrating that a group of categories have no truth and showing how they are socially accomplished (Gordon and Abbott)† Instead of the doctors, parents or the Hijra men who decided what sex a child should be a social constructionist would not follow the social norm in a need to have order and find an answer they would except the difference and make it a category with meaning. Ancient Greece provides another example of how there has always been a presence of homosexuality with an influence from culture. There was presence of homosexuality then and still is today but it has been influenced throughout time by culture, acceptance, social norms etc†¦ , because over time religion, cultures, etc have become more important and more needed for order to place people by the essentialists (Vance). Social constructionist views are more acceptable to differences and variations form the social norms of order and judging. They have shown that there has been a presence of a homosexual person over time and place but not just one type of homosexual person variations of unique homosexual persons. Social constructionism proves that there is not just one way to be but many ways and many categories we can all fit in not judging upon sexual orientation.

ControversyCollege dorm can have any pets Annotated Bibliography

ControversyCollege dorm can have any pets - Annotated Bibliography Example It appreciates the importance of pets in dorms for some students, describing the adaptation Eckerd College had to make to admit students’ pets. It will contribute to the development of the introduction, particularly describing the types of pets allowed in institutions and in arguing against pets in dorms due to associated lifestyle adaptations. Gahagan, K. â€Å"Pet State: University of Northern Colorado Tests Pet-Friendly Dorm.† Denverpost.com. The Denver Post, 10 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. http://www.denverpost.com/homegarden/ci_26656919/pet-state-university-northern-colorado-tests-pet-friendly This news article reports on the adaptation that the University of Northern Colorado had to undertake to admit students with pets. This follows the acknowledgement of the importance of pets for comfort among students. This came with costs such as liability insurance and capital expenditure on buildings. The data cited provides critical evidence to argue for and against specific pets in college dorms. Palazzolo, J. â€Å"Dorms Must Accept ‘Emotional Support’ Dogs, HUD Says.† The Wall Street Journal 16 May 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2013/05/16/dorms-must-accept-emotional-support-dogs-hud-says/ This journal gives facts in support of pet dogs in dorms for students with disabilities. The author cites the obligation pegged on universities by the federal government through the US Department of Housing and Urban development for admission of emotional support animals. This will be a useful source in supporting pets that offer affection and companionship in college dorms for alleviation of existing disabilities among students. Steinberg, J. â€Å"Colleges Extend the Welcome Mat to Students’ Pets.† Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 5 June 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/education/06pets.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 This online newspaper article gives statistics, supported by examples, of

Why Do College Students Procrastinate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why Do College Students Procrastinate - Essay Example This paper will take a look into the non-technological reasons that college students often fall prey to and cause them to procrastinate. Procrastination is an activity that is most seen in the undergraduate level of college students. Some of the reasons that professionals have found to cause procrastination include lack of motivation, deficiencies in self-regulation, external locus of control, perfectionism, trait and state anxiety, fear of failure, low self-efficacy, and low self-confidence (Welmer, Maryellen, PhD. â€Å"Why Students Procrastinate and What You Can Do About It†). Since these reasons have been identified as the most common reasons for procrastination, psychological studies have been done in order to identify the extent that these reasons cover procrastination. Known in the psychological community as the â€Å"avoidant coping styles†, 374 undergraduate students explained that their tendency to neglect school work causes them anxiety that they refuse to de al with. (qtd. in Glenn). Therefore procrastination can be seem more as a coping mechanism for the students who lack ample adjustment abilities when it comes to their college classes. These avoidant lifestyles then translate into late term papers and other class requirements. Although not a trivial problem, it is not considered a very serious problem in most circles. But that is not to say that professors ignore these problems when it arises in their class. In reference to this problem, Dr. Joseph Ferrari, associate professor of psychology at De Paul University in Chicago and Dr. Timothy Pychyl, associate professor of psychology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, (Lenker, Caitlin & MacAndrew, Dan â€Å"The Procrastination Epidemic: An Investigative Report†) report that; â€Å"... Twenty percent of people identify themselves as chronic procrastinators.† These people view procrastination as the result of their exra curricular activities that, as mentioned earlier, distract them from completing their college duties. However, some of them also indicated that they tend to procrastinate simply because they wish to have more time to sleep (Lenker, Caitlin and MacAndrew, Dan â€Å"The Procrastination Epidemic: An Investigative Report†). Undergraduates come up with the most creative reasons for procrastinating their way through a semester of college. Whatever their reasons, the truth is that the most important reason they tend to procrastinate is sheer laziness. What these students do not realize is that the procrastination causes stress in their lives and causes a number of negative outcomes for them during their academic career (Todd, Daniel â€Å"Overcoming Procrastination†). We have all been through the college adjustment phase at least once in our lives. While some end up adjusting and getting on quite with their academic careers, the others who allow procrastination to take over their lives end up dropping out of college altoget her. However, procrastination should not be associated merely with undergraduate slackers and underperformers. There are also some procrastinators who are excellent academic students. But they prefer to slack off and procrastinate because of the sense of accomplishment and the rush of having beaten a deadline when it comes to the submission of their class requirements (Lenker, Caitlin & MacAndrew, Dan â€Å"The Procrastination Epidemic: An Investigative Report†). Students such as Paul Rakszwaski say that the rush one gets from completing class requirements before a deadline cannot be beaten. He relates that (qtd. in Lenker & MacAndrew); Procrastinating is really great! I tend to work better when I have a very pressing deadline

Matrix Analysis Linear Algebra SVD Speech or Presentation

Matrix Analysis Linear Algebra SVD - Speech or Presentation Example It can be easily checked that A, z-A, (z-A)-1 commute and thus are diagonalizable simultaneously. Furthermore, it can be easily be checked directly that if ÃŽ » is an eigenvalue of A with eigenvector V, and (z-ÃŽ »)-1 is an eigenvalue corresponding also to v. Therefore, A, z-A and (z-A)-1 have the same spectral projector PÃŽ » of A= the spectral projector P(z-ÃŽ »)-1of (z-A)-1, and, therefore, the spectral decomposition of (z-A)-1 is thus; 1c.) Given a square matrix M its resolvent is the matrix-valued function of a square matrix A its resolvent is the matrix-valued function RA(z)=(zI-A)-1, defined for all z ∈ C and I is a n*n identity matrix. In infinite dimensions the resolvent is also called the Green’s function. Since the resolvent RA(z)is nothing else but f(A) for f(t)=(z-t)-1=1/z-t its spectral decomposition is exactly what is expected. The diagonals entries ∑i,j of ∑ are the singular values of A. The m columns of U and the N columns of V are the left-singular and right-singular vectors of A. One application that uses SVD is the pseudoinverse. A+=V∑+U*, where ∑+ is the pseudoinverse of ∑, which is formed by replacing every non-zero diagonal entry by its reciprocal and getting the transpose of the resulting matrix. It is also possible to use SVD of A to determine the orthogonal matrix R closest to the range of A. The closeness of fit is measured by the Frobenius norm of R-A. The solution is the product UV*; the orthogonal matrix would have the decomposition UIV* where I is the identity matrix, so that if

Knowledge Management and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge Management and Innovation - Essay Example 855). This piece of research work critically examines the knowledge sharing theoretical models developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi to elucidate how this model has been implemented in a typical industry to apply KM to the innovation of a product. This paper compares and contrasts knowledge transfer models based on relevant literatures and empirical evidences. Knowledge Management and Innovation In the contemporary business contexts where markets, products, competition, technology, laws and consumers are rapidly changing, continuous innovation and effective practice of KM to support innovation has become a major source of competitive advantage (Aramburu, Saenz and Rivera, 2006, p. 157). Nonaka and Takeuchi (2005, p. 1-5), both are widely renowned as KM gurus, argued that Japanese companies remained as enigma for most Western business experts and they gave a new explanation of what made Japanese companies highly successful. ... ased on this explanation, the three major components of KM are creating the knowledge, sharing it and using the created or shared knowledge for organizational purposes. Some literatures have considered more components such as knowledge identification, knowledge collection, knowledge organizing, knowledge dissemination, knowledge evaluation and knowledge adoption or implementation (Mehrabani and Shajari, 2012, p. 166). Forster (2005) described that knowledge management is a generic term that includes certain process by which employees’ experience, knowledge, skills etc are gathered, shared and utilized and then converted to a system of collective organizational learning so as to improve organizational performance. Nonaka and Takeuchi perceived knowledge as a profound instrument that has effectually increased organization’s capability to implement right action from the evidences of Japanese companies. Knowledge has been categorized in to two; tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is one that is embedded in a person through the forms of experience, knowledge, skill, talent, wisdom etc and this can be attained from imitation and practice. Explicit knowledge is information stored in documents or database (Lee, Leong, Hew and Ooi, 2013, p. 850). Literatures in the field of KM have clearly illustrated the profound impact of knowledge management on innovation. Most firms in contemporary business contexts find innovation as their grand strategy due to that consumers expect regular changes and advances in products (Pearce and Robinson, 2004, p. 207). Innovation is not merely an idea, but rather, it is the conversion of idea in to business functionality by establishing the idea in to reality (Endsley, 2010, p. 1). Many literatures including Boghani (2007), Lee et al

Discuss the impact macro factors may place upon your chosen Essay

Discuss the impact macro factors may place upon your chosen organisation in the future (1-5 years) and how the organisation may - Essay Example In business there are different categories of laws, e.g. consumer laws etc. These are new laws set to protect consumers from illegal practices, such as misleading description of the goods offered. TESCO can cope with this rule by ensuring that it offers product of high quality to the customers as this will increase their trust to the company’s products. It should also distribute products which meet the required health standards to the consumers (Cole, 2012). This will ensure they meet customers’ expectations of getting safe and secure product, a factor that plays part in customer satisfaction. Employment laws are set to safeguard employees from getting mistreated by the seniors. The law addresses issues such as the length an employee is supposed to be working and the minimum salaries an employee need to get (Cripps, 2012). As much as Tesco aim to operate at a minimum cost, they have to ensure they give proper remuneration to their employees to enable them operate per th e law. By doing this, they will motivate employees thus increasing the rate of return to the business. Health and safety legislation is also part of the legal laws set to be observed by every company. It states the need of the organization to offer training to it employees (â€Å"Buxton Advertiser†, 2011). ... A competition law encourages government to subsidize the cost of production incurred by these small firms. This will enable them participate in external trade and compete with other established companies. To cope with this TESCO has to come up with effective ways to ensure that they reduce their cost of production. They can invest in other countries and also adopting the most advanced form of technology in writing to reduce their production cost (â€Å"Buxton Advertiser†, 2011). This will enable them compete with the firms getting subsidies from the government. With the expanding markets in the United Kingdom which is the first Tesco base, many new firms are entering the market to take advantage of the high demand thus increasing pressure on TESCO’s management to make necessary changes. Tesco organization can handle this by adopting a high level differentiation of the product in order to continue increasing brand loyalty by customers thus counter checking the thrill of the new entrant in the market (Cole, 2012). This will help Tesco to continue dominating the market. Another factor that may affect the Tesco’s ability to grow is the emerging power of suppliers. With the continued economic growth in the world, many suppliers of both goods and services have seriously been affected by upcoming supermarket chains (Cripps, 2012). This has put Tesco under a constant threat of losing its position in the market to these leading supermarket chains who are offering better prices of products to their suppliers. To avoid losing suppliers, TESCO has to provide better prices to suppliers. This will ensure they contain a significant part of the market. This will make the company the leading

International Expansion Of Hudsons Bay Case Study

International Expansion Of Hudsons Bay - Case Study Example Appreciating and respecting these differences in the markets can take a company a long way in its bid to take advantage of new business opportunities as well as the general expansion. For instance, a product design that comes forth as appealing to customers in the U.S. may not necessary charm customers in Africa owing to the differences in culture between the two markets. Failure to assess and understand the differences between markers can be disastrous. This was the case for Wal-Mart after it had to close down over 100 stores in Germany following grand losses brought about by the failure to understand the difference between the shopping habits in Germany and the U.S., its location. It is against this backdrop that it emerges as a matter of indispensability to analyze the decision of Hudsons Bay, based in Toronto, Canada, to acquire Galeria Kaufhof, based in Cologne, Germany, as a move to penetrate the Germany and Belgium market (Mahadevan, 2015). In this discussion, the factors that Bay ought to take into consideration in developing a future strategy for the newly acquired division will be delineated as well as a discourse of whether expanding to the Canadian and the U.S. markets is heady and the differences between the Canadian, German, and the Belgian markets. Hudson’s Bay needs to consider a set of factors in developing future strategies for the novel division Kaufhof. To begin with, the cultural differences between Canada and Germany and Belgium are very critical. Bay relished a degree of success back home in Canada as well as the U.S. owing to the fact that these two nations share quite a great deal in terms of culture. However, the culture of Germany and Belgium varies widely with that of Canada and the U.S. Culture influences the buying behaviors of consumers and, therefore, Bay ought to respect the local culture of Germany and Belgium.

Departures (2008) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Departures (2008) - Movie Review Example His boss at this new job was Sasaki, who acted more forcefully towards Daigo when he showed up for the interview. He first lied to his wife about the job who later discovered and despised the job. While almost all people despised the job, Daigo took pride in his work and perfected the profession acting as a gatekeeper between the deceased and their families. The film follows a profound but comical journey as Daigo uncovers the joy, the wonder, and the absolute meaning of life, family and love. The music in this film is balanced. Here, the music balances with the tones of the actors and balanced with the scene being depicted. In addition, the sound effects were also in accordance with the mood of the scene. The overall sound track was analytical in that it had details that could take the audience in an instantaneous mood according to the intended mood of the scene. Overall, the editing of the film was carefully done to bring the intended view and perception for the

Prevention of Crime and Disorder Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Prevention of Crime and Disorder - Assignment Example There is adequate external lighting to deter crime. There are employees who check on incoming customers and customers inside. These staff can be easily identified through their uniform and name tags. The Casino is always searched inside and outside before, during, and after opening hours for suspect packages. There are also guidelines on crime, violence, and aggression in and around the casino. When there are events that attract larger than usual crowds, the Casino liaises with the police. It also ensures that there is proper management of the door such that there are a high number of door supervisors when there is an event. There are admissions for only people above 18years and screening of people. If persons fail to meet the admission standards or become violent, they are denied entry or ejected. People known to be violent are banned from the casino. All incidences of crime or violence are recorded in the incidence book. During events, there is the use of plastic drinking vessels instead of glass drinking vessels to prevent the assault. Staff are trained in conflict management to help them deal with difficult situations, reduce violence, and disorders. Drugs and weapons entering the premises. There is a zero tolerance for the use and carrying weapons in the business. Everyone is searched at the door before entering. There are policies displayed in the casino to emphasis customers of a zero tolerance to drugs. When customers are suspected of use or possession of drugs, police are notified. Staffs are trained on drug awareness. The general safety of staff and customers. There is risk management done on the casino to identify potential hazards to staff and customers and to determine a solution to manage them. Staffs are made aware of the risks and precautionary measures to take. There are also first aid boxes in the casino, and they are properly maintained. Employees are trained on the use of the first aid equipment. Accumulation and disposal of glasses.  Ã‚  

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Arthur Miller wrote a play called The Crucible in the early 50s. Even though the text in the play tells the story of some of The Salem Witch Trials, there is evidence which shows that Miller clearly connects his own communist trial by McCarthy to the outrageous trials of the witches. Due to this disgraceful act towards him from the powers within society, Miller decided to write a play to show his own perspective of 1950s society to the people of America. The setting of Act 3 can be interpreted as an attack on the severity of the authorities in Salem and 1950s America. Firstly, at the beginning of Act Three, the stage direction says two high windows. This stage direction is really used just for directors to have a good impression of what the stage should look like from Millers point of view. However, if you examine the whole stage directions carefully, it says that besides the sunlight, the whole room is dark and that the trials are being held in that room. This symbolises that the authorities of Salem are unjust because they believe that what they is doing is holy and just; but they are secretly hiding away from God. The darkness symbolised by the dark room and the light given off by the window, shows that God is present and that they cannot hide from him. The windows being high suggests that God and justice are very hard to reach. This shows that for authority in society to truly reach the holy and just state of existence that they desire, they still have a long way to go. This relates to Millers experience because he was trying to say that America in 1950s was just as corrupt as the witch trials in 1692, therefore saying that since 1692 until 1950 society hasnt moved on to be more fair or more just. Millers attack suggests that there is still a long way to go until society can be truly called fair. Secondly, the way Miller has set out some of the characters such as their language or their tone of voice is also an attack on society. I think this is due to the impressions given off by the characters that most people would usually interpret them as being good people, but Miller shows that they are not. One example is Judge Hathorne. On page sixty-seven he asks Martha how she knows that she is not a witch , this shows that he is trying to trick her in saying the things he wants her to. This shows us that for Hathorne to get what he wants he has to stoop down to a level of trickery, which is very low for a person of his status. This symbolises the fact that the authority are being hypocritical because they do what they are trying to rid society from doing sinful deeds. This point connects with the McCarthy trials of Miller because Judge McCarthy also had to stoop so low, by using threats. Miller had the choice of either naming names or get ruined. Thirdly, I believe that the way some of the people dress also shows how Miller attacks society. This is because Miller wanted us to know how power can corrupt us so he indicated all the sinful people by the clothes they wore and also their clothes showed us how much power they had. One example is again Judge Hathorne. I say this because in the courtroom Hathorne acts as he please due to his awareness that nobody in the court could overthrow him. Miller uses this to try and show the audience how power can cause people to act and abuse it, and even more so if it is supported by everyone in society agreeing with everything Hathorne had to say. Thus showing us that power can be used inefficiently if given to the wrong people. This is a link to Arthur Millers personal experience in the McCarthy trial because he believed that Judge McCarthy let his power get in the way of fairness and justice. The people of America supported McCarthy just like the people of Salem. In the play Miller exposes societys role in helping to condemn people by showing Parris supporting Hathorne. Miller shows that this fed Hathornes ego even more, and therefore Miller seemed to believe that McCarthy was an incompetent person because he abused his power just like Judge Hathorne. This is an attack on society because Miller is saying that society should be even more careful about giving so much power to someone who didnt deserve it. Also he encourages society to consider what they were doing before giving support to someone unworthy and boosting their ego. This courtroom scene presents innocent characters risking their lives in order to tell the truth seems to be an attack on the injustice of Salem as well as of 1950s America. We know this because there is much evidence in this scene to back the point up. One piece of evidence is the statement made by Hale on page seventy-eight where he says there is a prestigious fear in the court. This shows that Hale can see that some injustice is going on and is scared of it. Then when Hale tells Danforth that he is afraid, Danforth replies that there is a prestigious guilt instead and threatens him by asking him if he is afraid to be questioned. Later on Hathornes feeling of intimidation grows so that he becomes angry. This shows injustice and is linked back to my point at the beginning of the paragraph, because all Hale was doing was telling him what he thought was the truth. Danforth seemed like he was being pressurised so he had to use his power to intimidate and threaten Hale so that he could feel safe. This could be associated with Millers own experience because when authority in society in America in the 1950s felt threatened they had to use their influence and power to threaten and intimidate people. Just like when Miller was threatened and risked being ruined just for believing in something. Even though Miller could probably not harm anybody by himself, this is just like the threat Reverend Hale risked of being hanged just for exposing the fact that the court was an unjust one.

Public Attitudes of Proposed Wind Farm

Public Attitudes of Proposed Wind Farm With Irelands excellent wind resources, wind power has become one of the most rapidly growing sources of renewable energy in Ireland (Comhar, Nov 11). Many people in Ireland claim to be in favour of wind farming, and maintain that wind power is good source of renewable energy, which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, numerous people also believe that these wind farms spoil the scenery and may have a negative effect on the local landscape, as well as having negative effects on tourism in the area concerned. As plans to create a new wind farm in County Clare have been put in motion, I wish to access the opinions of the citizens of West Clare on the proposed construction of a wind farm on the western slope of Mount Callan. Aims and Objectives As both the people of West Clare, and the wind farm itself, have to co-exist in the area in question, the opinions and attitudes of the local people are paramount in formulating an effective plan, and in executing it to final completion of the project. As the financial sustainability of the residents of the chosen area rely primarily on agriculture and tourism, opinions given on the impact the building of a wind farm may have on both of these economic areas are crucial to effectively and smoothly completing the project. The aim of this project is to access the opinions and attitudes of the citizens in West Clare on the proposed construction of a wind farm on the western slope of Mount Callan. The main objectives of this survey are to: Access whether or not the citizens of West Clare support the use of wind power. Access whether or not the citizens of West Clare support or oppose the construction of a wind farm on Mount Callan. Access whether or not the citizens in West Clare believe that a wind farm would benefit their local economy. To find out the opinions of the citizens of West Clare, on the effects a wind farm would have on the local landscape. Methodology Statistical analysis mapping can be used to combine quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. This is used to create a basis for the primary research. I have used the statistical analysis mapping method to extract data from the census in order to help me identify my area of study. To provide appropriate information for my study, I have mapped data relating to location, age, gender and length of time living at the current location (Kitchin Tate, 2000). Kilmihil, Creegh and Liscasey are the three closest townlands to the proposed construction site of the wind farm. These three townlands have a combined population of 724 with 65% of people being over the age of twenty. Of the population over the age of twenty, 52% of them are male and 48% are female (CSO). I will take a sample of 100 people, 52 male and 48 female from the combined population of the three towns aged over twenty. I will use systematic random sampling, selecting the fifth element at random, to conduct the questionnaire for quantitative data collection. These questionnaires will be distributed personally in local centres. This method of research has been used by Michler and Kodeih in their article Mussel and Seaweed Cultivation in Offshore Wind Farms: An Opinion Survey (Michler Kodeih, 2008). Q1.To which age category do you belong?20 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 64 65+ Q2Gender:Male Female Q3. Marital Status:Single Married Widow/Widower Q4.How many Children do you have?0 1 – 2 3 – 5 6+ Q5.Do you live in an urban or rural area?Urban Rural Q6.How long have you lived here? Q7.Is your household accommodation: Owner occupied with a mortgage? Owner occupied without a mortgage? Being purchased from the Local Authority? Being Rented from the Local Authority? Being rented from a private landlord? Q8.What is your occupation? Q9.If your occupation relates to agriculture, Arable farming what kind of agriculture are you engaged in? Livestock Other Q10.Do you think wind farms will affect agriculture?Yes No If yes, please explain. Q11. Would you support the constructionYes of a wind farm in your area? No Q12.Do you think a wind farm would affectYes the house prices in your area? No Q13.Do you think a wind farm wouldYes benefit your local economy? No Q14.Do you think that wind farm will Yes contribute to Irelands energy independence? No Q15.What affect do you think a wind farm would have on the local landscape? Q16.What problems do you think a wind farm in your area might cause? Q.17Would you be willing to take part in a follow upinterview to further express your views on wind farming? Yes No If Yes, please complete the following Name: Address: Phone Number: â€Å"Qualitative research methods are necessary when limited research has focused on a concept or phenomenon and it â€Å"needs to be understood† (Hunt, 2010). I will focus on interviews with the residents of these three towns to collect quantitative data. I will use an open-ended interview to conduct this part of the project. This technique uses a type of structured questionnaire, which does not constrict the answers of interviewee to categories provided by the interviewer; this better reflects the interviewee’s own thinking (Kitchin Tate, 2000). I have included a question on the quantitative questionnaire enquiring whether or not participants would be willing to take part in an interview. I am hoping I will receive twenty five participants that will agree to this. If I do not receive the required amount of participants for interviewing from the questionnaire, I will utilise the practice of cold calling to obtain the remaining participants. I will use a sample size of twenty five people, thirteen male and twelve female. I will interview six people from Kilmilhil, ten people from Liscasey and nine people from Creegh, to access their opinions on the proposed wind farm. This method of data collection was used by Sustainable Energy Ireland in their article on Attitudes towards the developments of wind farms in Ireland (ESI, 2003). Interview schedule I have read and understood this consent form completely and am willing to take part in this interview. I understand the purpose of this interview. I am aware that I can withdraw from this interview at any time. I understand that all my answers will be considered in the strictest confidence. Signed:Date: I am interested in the opinions of the citizens of West Clare on the construction of a wind farm on the west slope on Mount Callan. I would like to ask you a series of questions related to this topic. Q1. To what extent would you support or oppose the construction of a wind farm in your area? Q2. Are you in favour of the further developments of wind farms in Ireland? Q3. What benefits do you think a wind farm would bring to your area? Q4. What problems do you think a wind farm might cause in your area? Q5.What affects do you think a wind farm would have on the local landscape? Q6. Do you think the construction of a wind farm in your area would contribute to Ireland’s energy independence? Q7. Are you concerned about climate change? Q8. Would you be willing to pay more for your electricity if it comes from a clean renewable source? The benefits of generating primary data are that it is known precisely how the data was produced, and if any problems arose in the process. This is the system mostly used for data collection; however is some cases the generation of primary data is not possible then secondary data may be used. Secondary data may also be used to help supplement the primary data you have already collected (Kitchin Tate, 2000). As numerous methods of data collection are required to conduct this study, use of secondary document analysis will also be employed. The data in these documents have been collected and analysed by someone else, and usually for a different purpose. However these secondary sources are useful and can aid in strengthening the understanding of a chosen topic. The sources I intend to use are as follows: Busch, M., Gee, K., Burkhard, B., Lange, M., Stelljes, N. (2011). Conceptualizing the link between marine ecosystem services and human well-being: the case of offshore wind farming. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services Management 7:3, pp. 109-203. Comhar. (Nov 11). Community Renewable Energy in Ireland: Status, barriers and potential options. Dublin: Comar Publications. CSO. (n.d.). Retrieved 04 18, 2014, from Central Statistics Office: http://census.cso,oe/sapmap/ ESI. (2003). Retrieved 04 2014, 19, from Sustainable Energy Ireland: http://www.seai.ie/Publications/Renewables_Publications_/Wind_Power/Attitudes_towards_the_development_of_wind_farms_in_ireland.pdf Hunt, T. (2010). Big wind in small town Ontario:. Toronto: Department of Geography, Collaborative Program in Environmental Studies, University of Toronto. Kitchin, R., Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting research into human geography: Theory, methodology and pratice. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Michler, C. T., Kodeih, S. (2008). Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: An opinion survey. Coastal management, 36(4), pp. 392-411. Smith, E. R., Klick, H. (2007). Explaining NIMBY Opposition to Wind Power. Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara. DeLacy, P. Barton, (2001) Wind farms: a valuation primer, Appraisal journal, 79(1), pp. 28-43. Wilson, Keith (2011), Winds of change, Geographical, 83(5) p. 74. Bibliography Works Cited Comhar. (Nov 11). Community Renewable Energy in Ireland: Status, barriers and potential options. Dublin: Comar Publications. CSO. (n.d.). Retrieved 04 18, 2014, from Central Statistics Office: http://census.cso,oe/sapmap/ ESI. (2003). Retrieved 04 2014, 19, from Sustainable Energy Ireland: http://www.seai.ie/Publications/Renewables_Publications_/Wind_Power/Attitudes_towards_the_development_of_wind_farms_in_ireland.pdf Hunt, T. (2010). Big wind in small town Ontario:. Toronto: Department of Geography, Collaborative Program in Environmental Studies University of Toronto, pp. 24-27 Kitchin, R., Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting research into human geography: Theory, methodology and pratice. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, pp. 28-44 Michler, C. T., Kodeih, S. (2008). Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: An opinion survey. COASTAL MANAGEMENT 36: 4, pp. 392-411. SEI. (2013). Retrieved 04 19, 2014, from Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland: http://census.cso.ie/sasapmap

Factors Determining Layout And Design

Factors Determining Layout And Design Facility layout and design is an important component of a businesss overall operations, both in terms of maximizing the effectiveness of the production process and meeting the needs of employees. The basic objective of layout is to ensure a smooth flow of work, material, and information through a system. The basic meaning of facility is the space in which a businesss activities take place. The layout and design of that space impact greatly how the work is done-the flow of work, materials, and information through the system. The key to good facility layout and design is the integration of the needs of people (personnel and customers), materials (raw, finishes, and in process), and machinery in such a way that they create a single, well-functioning system. FACTORS DETERMINING LAYOUT AND DESIGN Small business owners need to consider many operational factors when building or renovating a facility for maximum layout effectiveness. These criteria include the following: 1. Ease of future expansion or change-Facilities should be designed so that they can be easily expanded or adjusted to meet changing production needs. Although redesigning a facility is a major, expensive undertaking not to be done lightly, there is always the possibility that a redesign will be necessary, Therefore, any design should be flexible. Flexible manufacturing systems most often are highly automated facilities having intermediate-volume production of a variety of products. Their goal is to minimize changeover or setup times for producing the different products while still achieving close to assembly line (single-product) production rates. 2. Flow of movement- the facility design should reflect recognition of the importance of smooth process flow. In the case of factory facilities, the editors of How to Run a Small Business state that ideally, the plan will show the raw materials entering your plant at one end and the finished product emerging at the other. The flow need not be a straight line. Parallel flows, U-shaped patterns, or even a zigzag that ends up with the finished product back at the shipping and receiving bays can be functional. However, backtracking is to be avoided in whatever pattern is chosen. When parts and materials move against or across the overall flow, personnel and paperwork become confused. 3. Materials handling-Small business owners should make certain that the facility layout makes it possible to handle materials (products, equipment, containers, etc.) in an orderly, efficient-and preferably simple-manner. 4. Output needs- the facility should be laid out in a way that is conducive to helping the business meet its production needs. 1. Space utilization-This aspect of facility design includes everything from making sure that traffic lanes are wide enough to making certain that inventory storage warehouses or rooms utilize as much vertical space as possible. 2. Shipping and receiving-counseled small business owners to leave ample room for this aspect of operations. While space does tend to fill itself up, receiving and shipping rarely get enough space for the work to be done effectively, 3. Ease of communication and support-Facilities should be laid out so that communication within various areas of the business and interactions with vendors and customers can be done in an easy and effective manner. Similarly, support areas should be stationed in areas that help them to serve operating areas. 4. Impact on employee morale and job satisfaction-since countless studies have indicated that employee morale has a major impact on productivity, owners and managers to heed this factor when pondering facility design alternatives: Some ways layout design can increase morale are obvious, such as providing for light-colored walls, windows, space. Other ways are less obvious and not directly related to the production process. Some examples are including a cafeteria or even a gymnasium in the facility design. Again, though, there are costs to be traded off. That is, does the increase in morale due to a cafeteria increase productivity to the extent that the increased productivity covers the cost of building and staffing the cafeteria? 5. Promotional value-if the business commonly receives visitors in the form of customers, vendors, investors, etc., the small business owner may want to make sure that the facility layout is an attractive one that further burnishes the companys reputation. Design factors that can influence the degree of attractiveness of a facility include not only the design of the production area itself, but the impact that it has on, for instance, ease of fulfilling maintenance/cleaning tasks. 6. Safety-the facility layout should enable the business to effectively operate in accordance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines and other legal restrictions. Facility layout must be considered very carefully because we do not want to constantly redesign the facility, Some of the goals in designing the facility are to ensure a minimum amount of materials handling, to avoid bottlenecks, to minimize machine interference, to ensure high employee morale and safety, and to ensure flexibility. Essentially, there are two distinct types of layout. Product layout is synonymous with assembly line and is oriented toward the products that are being made. Process layout is oriented around the processes that are used to make the products. Generally, product layout is applicable for high-volume repetitive operations, while process layout is applicable for low-volume custom-made goods. AN IDEAL LAYOUT 1. Transport: Movement of materials is a waste. Minimize the amount of movement by arranging processes in close proximity to each other. Factory layouts can often be the fundamental cause of excess transportation. When appropriate, re-laying out the machines within a factory from a functional to a cellular layout has been found by many companies to help not just reduce transportation waste but also reduce WIP and waiting. Items being moved unnecessarily incur a cost. 2. Inventory: Many companies produce above what is required to fulfill the order, this may be due to quality problems along the production process or the often mistaken belief that is saves money by manufacturing larger quantities. Too little inventory can lose sales; too much inventory can hide problems. 3. Motion: Generally, this waste applies to production personnel having to move out of their work area to locate tools, materials, etc. Remove unnecessary motion of the operations and improve the ergonomics of the workplace. People moving unnecessarily also incur a cost. 4. Waiting: Minimize waiting time (operators waiting for machines or products waiting around in factories either as finished goods or work in progress) Aim for a smooth flow. 5. Overproduction: Always aim to make exactly what the customer orders, just in time, to the correct quality standard. On the shop floor, this generally occurs because changeover times are high, equipment is unreliable, the process is unreliable (causes defects), and standard cost accounting metrics are used. However, probably the biggest reason for overproduction is poor information flow (communication) between facilities. 6. Over Processing: Use machines which are of an appropriate capacity and capable of achieving the required quality standard. This usually refers to using larger scale equipment than necessary; it also refers to building in rework to a process. It can also refer to using the wrong suppliers and/or the wrong process. 7. Defects: Reducing the number of defects directly reduces the amount of waste. Aim for zero defects. The efficiency of production depends on how well the various machines; production facilities and employees amenities are located in a plant. Only the properly laid out plant can ensure the smooth and rapid movement of material, from the raw material stage to the end product stage. Plant layout encompasses new layout as well as improvement in the existing layout. It may be defined as a technique of locating machines, processes and plant services within the factory so as to achieve the right quantity and quality of output at the lowest possible cost of manufacturing. It involves a judicious arrangement of production facilities so that workflow is direct. Plant layout refers to the arrangement of physical facilities such as machinery, equipment, furniture etc. within the factory building in such a manner so as to have quickest flow of material at the lowest cost and with the least amount of handling in processing the product from the receipt of material to the shipment of the finished product. The overall objective of plant layout is to design a physical arrangement that most economically meets the required output quantity and quality., Plant layout ideally involves allocation of space and Arrangement of equipment in such a manner that overall operating costs are minimized. IMPORTANCE Plant layout is an important decision as it represents long-term commitment. An ideal plant layout should provide the optimum relationship among output, floor area and manufacturing process. It facilitates the production process, minimizes material handling, time and cost, and allows flexibility of operations, easy production flow, makes economic use of the building, promotes effective utilization of manpower, and provides for employees convenience, safety, comfort at work, maximum exposure to natural light and ventilation. It is also important because it affects the flow of material and processes, labour efficiency, supervision and control, use of space and expansion possibilities etc. ESSENTIALS REQUIREMENTS An efficient plant layout is one that can be instrumental in achieving the following objectives: a) Proper and efficient utilization of available floor space. b) To ensure that work proceeds from one point to another point without any delay. c) Provide enough production capacity. d) Reduce material handling costs. e) Reduce hazards to personnel. f) Utilize labour efficiently. g) Increase employee morale. h) Reduce accidents. i) Provide for volume and product flexibility. j) Provide ease of supervision and control. k) Provide for employee safety and health. l) Allow ease of maintenance. m) Allow high machine or equipment utilization. n) Improve productivity. FACTORS INFLUENCING LAYOUT While deciding his factory or unit or establishment or store, a small-scale businessman should keep the following factors in mind: a) Factory building: The nature and size of the building determines the floor space available for layout. While designing the special requirements, e.g. air conditioning, dust control, humidity control etc. must be kept in mind. b) Nature of product: product layout is suitable for uniform products whereas process layout is more appropriate for custom-made products. c) Production process: In assembly line industries, product layout is better. In job order or intermittent manufacturing on the other hand, process layout is desirable. d) Type of machinery: General purpose machines are often arranged as per process layout while special purpose machines are arranged according to product layout. e) Repairs and maintenance: machines should be so arranged that adequate space is available between them for movement of equipment and people required for repairing the machines. f) Human needs: Adequate arrangement should be made for cloakroom, washroom, lockers, drinking water, toilets and other employee facilities, proper provision should be made for disposal of effluents, if any. g) Plant environment: Heat, light, noise, ventilation and other aspects should be duly considered, e.g. paint shops and plating section should be located in another hall so that dangerous fumes can be removed through proper ventilation etc. Adequate safety arrangement should also be made. Thus, the layout should be conducive to health and safety of employees. It should ensure free and efficient flow of men and materials. Future expansion and diversification may also be considered while planning factory layout. DYNAMICS OF PLANT LAYOUT Plant layout is a dynamic rather than a static concept meaning thereby if once done it is not permanent in nature rather improvement or revision in the existing plant layout must be made by keeping a track with development of new machines or equipment, improvements in manufacturing process, changes in materials handling devices etc. But, any revision in layout must be made only when the savings resulting from revision exceed the costs involved in such revision. Revision in plant layout may become necessary on account of the following reasons: a) Increase in the output of the existing product b) Introduction of a new product and diversification c) Technological advancements in machinery, material, processes, product design, fuel etc. d) Deficiencies in the layout unnoticed by the layout engineer in the beginning. APPLICABILITY OF PLANT LAYOUT Plant layout is applicable to all types of industries or plants. Certain plants require special arrangements which, when incorporated make the layout look distinct form the types already discussed above. Applicability of plant layout in manufacturing and service industries is discussed below. In case of the manufacturing of detergent powder, a multi-story building is specially constructed to house the boiler. Materials are stored and poured into the boiler at different stages on different floors. Other facilities are also provided around the boiler at different stations. Another applicability of this layout is the manufacture of talcum powder. Here machinery is arranged vertically i.e. from top to bottom. Thus, material is poured into the first machine at the top and powder comes out at the bottom of the machinery located on the ground floor. Yet another applicability of this layout is the newspaper plant, where the time element is of supreme importance, the accomplishment being gapped in seconds. Here plant layout must be simple and direct so as to eliminate distance, delay and confusion. There must be a perfect coordination of all departments and machinery or equipment, as materials must never fail. Plant layout is also applicable to five star hotels as well. Here lodging, bar, restaurant, kitchen, stores, swimming pool, laundry, shaving saloons, shopping arcades, conference hall, parking areas etc. should all find an appropriate place in the layout. Here importance must be given to cleanliness, elegant appearance, convenience and compact looks, which attract customers. Similarly plant layout is applicable to a cinema hall, where emphasis is on comfort, and convenience of the cinemagoers. The projector, screen, sound box, firefighting equipment, ambience etc. should be of utmost importance. A plant layout applies besides the grouping of machinery, to an arrangement for other facilities as well. Such facilities include receiving and dispatching points, inspection facilities, employee facilities, storage etc. Generally, the receiving and the dispatching departments should be at either end of the plant. The storeroom should be located close to the production, receiving and dispatching centers in order to minimize handling costs. The inspection should be right next to other dispatch department as inspections are done finally, before dispatch. The maintenance department consisting of lighting, safety devices, fire protection, collection and disposal of garbage, scrap etc. should be located in a place which is easily accessible to all the other departments in the plant. The other employee facilities like toilet facilities, drinking water facilities, first aid room, cafeteria etc. This can be a little away from other departments but should be within easy reach of the employees. Hence, there are the other industries or plants to which plant layout is applicable. The importance of a layout would be better appreciated if one understands the influence of an efficient layout on the manufacturing function: it makes it smooth and efficient. Operating efficiencies, such as economies in the cost of handling materials, minimization of production delays and avoidance of bottlenecks all these depend on a proper layout. An ideally laid out plant reduces manufacturing costs through reduced materials handling, reduced personnel and equipment requirements and reduced process inventory. The objectives or advantages of an ideal layout are outlined in the paragraphs that follow. The advantages are common to all the plants, irrespective of age; and whether a plant employs 50 workers or 50,000 makes no difference in so far as the applicability of the plant layout advantages is concerned. Some of these advantages are: Economies in Handling Nearly 30% to 40% of the manufacturing cost is accounted for, by materials handling. Every effort should, therefore, be made to cut down on this cost. Long distance movements should be avoided and specific handling operations must be eliminated. A cynic may say that the cheapest way to handle materials is not to handle them at all. But, in a factory, materials have to be handled; and therefore, it all depends on the layout. Effective Use of Available Area Every inch of the plant area is valuable, especially in urban areas. Efforts should therefore be made to make use of the available area by planning the layout properly. Some steps for achieving this end are: location of equipment and services in order that they may perform multiple functions; development of up-to-date work areas and operator job assignments for a full utilization of the labor force. Minimization of Production Delays Repeat orders and new customers will be the result of prompt execution of orders. Every management should try to keep to the delivery schedules. Often, the deadline dates for delivery of production orders are a bug-a-boo to the management. Plant layout is a significant factor in the timely execution of orders. An ideal layout eliminates such causes of delays as shortage of space, long-distance movements of materials, spoiled work and thus contributes to the speedy execution of orders. Improved Quality Control Timely execution of orders will be meaningful when the quality of the output is not below expectations. To ensure quality, inspection should be conducted at different stages of manufacture. An ideal layout provides for inspection to ensure better quality control. Minimum Equipment Investment Investment on equipment can be minimized by planned machine balance and location, minimum handling distances, by the installation of general purpose machines and by planned machine loading. A good plant layout provides all these advantages. Avoidance of Bottlenecks Bottlenecks refer to any place in a production process where materials tend to pile up or are produced at a speed, less rapid than the previous or subsequent operations. Bottlenecks are caused by inadequate machine capacity, inadequate storage space or low speed on part of the operators. The results of bottlenecks are delays in productions schedules, congestion, accidents and wastage of floor area. All these may be overcome with an efficient layout. Better Production Control Production Control is concerned with the production of the product of the right type, at the right time and at a reasonable cost. A good plant layout is a requisite for good production control and provides the production control officers with a systematic basis upon which to build organization and procedures. Better Supervision A good plant layout ensures better supervision in two ways: 1. Determining the number of workers to be handled by a supervisor and 2. Enabling the supervisor to get a full view of the entire plant at one glance. A good plant layout is, therefore, the first step to good supervision. Improved Utilization of Labor Labor is paid for every hour it spends in the factory. The efficiency of a management lies in utilizing the time for productive purpose. A good plant layout is one of the factors in effective utilization of labor. It makes possible individual operations, the process and flow of materials handling in such a way that the time of each worker is effectively spent on productive operations. Improved Employee Morale Employee morale is achieved when workers are cheerful and confident. This state of mental condition is vital to the success of any organization. Morale depends on: (a) Better working condition; (b) Better employee facilities; (c) Reduced number of accidents; (d) Increased earnings. Plant layout has a bearing on all these. Avoidance of unnecessary and costly changes. A planned layout avoids frequent changes which are difficult and costly. The incorporation of flexibility elements in the layout would help in the avoidance of revisions.

Evil Dead Vs. Evil Dead :: essays research papers

“Evil Dead'; in respect to “Evil Dead 2'; Main Character Personality Differences From the Original to the Remake “Evil Dead'; and “Evil Dead 2'; are both late 80’s horror movies starring Bruce Campbell as Ash, a quiet guy in his early 20’s that ends up hacking to death his demon posessed friends to avoid death. In the original “Evil Dead';, Ash tends to run from any of the daemons and scary things that come his way, until there is no one left and he is forced to protect himself. In “Evil Dead2';, Ash Starts out as a quiet guy, but when evil things start happening, he swings quickly into action. From slicing up his girlfriends possessed head to chopping off his own possessed hand, he never seems timid around danger. To accurately compare these two films, it needs to be known that “Evil Dead'; and “Evil Dead2'; are the same movie. “Evil Dead2'; is not a sequel to “Evil Dead'; but rather a remake of the original. The original let the impression of Ash being killed at the very end of the film. The remake, “Evil Dead2';, allowed the making of the sequel, “army of darkness';. In “Evil Dead';, Ash, his girlfriend, and 3 other friends rent a run-down cabin in the middle of a deserted forest for a couple nights as a vacation. Ash seems to be the easy-going push over type. He does what everyone says without question. Shortly after a tree sexually attacks one of the girls in the group she becomes possessed and attempts to kill ash’s girlfriend. While this is happening ash is standing 4 feet away with an ax, yet he is too scared to do anything. The other man in their group has to take action and lock her in the basement. According to the remake, this is unusual behavior for Ash. In “Evil Dead2';, Ash’s Girlfriend is the first individual possessed and he barely thinks twice before taking her head off with an ax and then cutting the head in half with a chain-saw. In “Evil Dead';, one of the characters tells Ash that “there’s something out there'; but ash refuses to believe. On the contrary, in “Evil Dead2';, ash tries to convince some visitors to the cabin that people are possessed and they end up locking him in the basement. In the second version of the story, Ash is made out to be a hero.

Harmful Effects of the Ornish Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exer

Harmful Effects of the Ornish Diet The Ornish diet, a meal plan that emphasizes the consumption of carbohydrates over fats, is an unsafe plan despite its claims to being a safe and effective way to prevent heart disease1 – a claim only a balanced diet can make. Because the Ornish diet cuts out a large number of foods from a person’s meal, many beneficial nutrients are missing that would normally be in a balanced diet. In addition, recent studies have found that diets containing a larger than recommended amount of carbohydrates may actually increase a person’s chances of developing intestinal and breast cancers2. These findings show that despite any benefits the Ornish diet may provide to the heart, the complications of maintaining a high carbohydrate diet make it not nearly as safe as a balanced diet. Because the Ornish diet restricts participants to a strictly vegetarian meal plan, people who follow the diet often become deficient in beneficial nutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids1. Vitamin B12 and iron are nutrients often found in animal products such as meat, while omega-3 fatty acids are most common fish – the foods present in a balanced diet, but absent in the Ornish diet. Deficiencies of these chemicals can often lead to conditions such as anemia, or prevent beneficial effects that are imparted by omega-3 fatty acids such as mood stabilization and improved cardiovascular health. Because the body needs iron to produce hemoglobin – a vital part in a red blood cell’s ability to transport oxygen to other cells, a lack of the substance would cause a large decrease in the effectiveness and number of red blood cells. In addition, due to vitamin B12’s regulation of blood cell production, a decreas... ...s incorrect. People on this diet often do not obtain enough of the essential vitamins and minerals that they need in order to maintain healthy bodies. Because of this, they run the risk of developing serious illnesses such as anemia. People on the Ornish diet also will not enjoy the possible benefits other nutrients such as the omega-3 fatty acids. Dieters who take in such large amounts of carbohydrates also increase their risk of developing cancers due to the elevated insulin responses their bodies put up to digest the food that they eat. In the end, a balanced diet is much safer than, and just as effective – if followed correctly – In maintaining a healthy body as the Ornish diet is. Sources 1. http://www.moscowfoodcoop.com/archive/ornish.html 2. http://www.scienceblog.com/community/article3530.html 3. http://www.bipolarchild.com/newsletters/0501.html

Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine

Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine| Using the GC-MS| Jennifer Greene| ————————————————- 4 May 2012 ————————————————- 4 May 2012 Introduction: In this experiment gas chromatography is applied to separate the water-ethanol mixture. This method is often used in the determination of alcohol in blood or urine. One obvious application is when law enforcement agencies need to determine whether or not someone is inebriated. In these cases, high sensitivity is required since 0. 1% blood alcohol content is considered to be legally intoxicated in most states.Our own determination will deal with higher concentrations (up to 25% by volume) which are more typical of alcohol levels found in many alcoholic beverages. Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the co mponents to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of the phases constituting a stationary bed of large surface area, the other being a fluid that percolates through or along the stationary bed Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful and widely used tool for the separation, identification and quantitation of components in a mixture.In this technique, a sample is converted to the vapor state and a flowing stream of carrier gas (often helium or nitrogen) sweeps the sample into a thermally-controlled column. In the case of gas-liquid chromatography, the column is usually packed with solid particles that are coated with a non-volatile liquid, referred to as the stationary phase. As the sample mixture moves through the column, sample components that interact strongly with the stationary phase spend more time in the stationary phase vs. the moving gas phase and thus require more time to move through the column.The goal of GC is to separate and detect components of a mixture as efficiently as possible and it is thus desirable to have a measure of the efficiency of a given chromatographic column. One common way to express column efficiency is by calculating the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) which is the length of the column divided by the number of theoretical plates. HETP = l/n The number of theoretical plates (n) of a column with respect to a particular compound can be found using the following equation: N = 16(tr/w)2 = 5. 55(tr/w1/2)2Where w is the peak width measured in the same units as tr and w1/2 is the peak width measured at half of the peak height. Materials: GC-MS with database| Vials with lids| Cherry moonshine| Disposable pipettes| Ethanol 100%| | Procedure: 1. Set up procedure to: Set â€Å"Detector A† On (Thermal Conductivity Detector) Packed Column Head Pressure: 30 psi Column: Carbowax 20M, 1/8†³ OD, length = 6 feet Oven Temperature: 110 °C Detector Temperature: 150 °C Injection Temperature: 150 °C 2. Wit h the disposable pipette fill separate vials with the cherry moonshine and pure ethanol. . Run the procedure then define the ethanol peak with three additional peaks. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. Data: The blue arrows are pointing to the ethanol peak. The blue arrows are pointing to the ethanol peak. Conclusion: Chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of the phases constituting a stationary bed of large surface area, the other being a fluid that percolates through or along the stationary bed.Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful and widely used tool for the separation, identification and quantitation of components in a mixture. In this technique, a sample is converted to the vapor state and a flowing stream of carrier gas (often helium or nitrogen) sweeps the sample into a thermally-controlled column. In the case of gas-liquid c hromatography, the column is usually packed with solid particles that are coated with a non-volatile liquid, referred to as the stationary phase.As the sample mixture moves through the column, sample components that interact strongly with the stationary phase spend more time in the stationary phase vs. the moving gas phase and thus require more time to move through the column. This experiment demonstrated how the analysis of an unknown substance can be determined from the separate peaks. If you select an individual peak on the chromatograph, the database will bring up possible matches of the compound.You would need to look at the mass spectrograph of that peak to see if it matches the compound of interest. If it does, then you have confirmed one compound that is present in the substance. If it is not a match, continue to search the database until you confirm the peak’s identity. From this experiment, the peak for ethanol was not determined using the mass spectrograph of the g as chromatography; however, we ran pure ethanol on the GC-MS and compared the two chromatographs to determine the ethanol peak.

Schematics

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FLAT COLOUR TELEVISION 6 2005 YA270 AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T, AV-21MT35/P, AV-21VA15/P CD-ROM No. SML200507 BASIC CHASSIS CW2 COLOR EXIT CLOSED CAPTION 100+ VNR ECO CINEMA SURROUND BASS RM-C1287 COPYRIGHT  © 2005 Victor Company of Japan, Limited No. YA270 2005/7 AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T, AV-21MT35/P, AV-21VA15/P STANDARD CIRCUIT DIAGRAM NOTE ON USING CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 1. SAFETY The components identified by the symbol and shading are critical for safety. For continued safety replace safety ciritical components only with manufactures recommended parts. Type No indication MM PP MPP MF TF BP TAN (3)Coils No unit Others : Original setting position when shipped : DC 20k? /V :H :V : Othters (5)Voltage values 20 µs / div 5ms / div Sweeping time is specified (4)Power Supply : B1 : 9V Respective voltage values are indicated (5)Test point : Test point (6)Connecting method : Connector : Wrapping or soldering : Only test point display : B2 (12V) : 5V : [ µH] : As specified : Ceramic capacitor : Metalized mylar capacitor : Polypropylene capacitor : Metalized polypropylene capacitor : Metalized film capacitor : Thin film capacitor : Bipolar electrolytic capacitor : Tantalum capacitor . SPECIFIED VOLTAGE AND WAVEFORM VALUES The voltage and waveform values have been measured under the following conditions. (1)Input signal (2)Setting positions of each knob/button and variable resistor (3)Internal resistance of tester (4)Oscilloscope sweeping time : Colour bar signal : All DC voltage values Since the voltage values of signal circuit vary to som e extent according to adjustments, use them as reference values. 3. INDICATION OF PARTS SYMBOL [EXAMPLE] In the PW board : R209 R209 (7)Ground symbol : LIVE side ground : ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side ground : [? : [k? ] : [M? ] : EARTH ground : DIGITAL ground : Receptacle 4. INDICATIONS ON THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM (1)Resistors Resistance value No unit K M Rated allowable power No indication : 1/16 [W] Others Type No indication OMR MFR MPR UNFR FR (2)Capacitors Capacitance value 1 or higher less than 1 Withstand voltage No indication Others : [pF] : [ µF] : DC50[V] : DC withstand voltage [V] : Carbon resistor : Oxide metal film resistor : Metal film resistor : Metal plate resistor : Uninflammable resistor : Fusible resistor : As specified 5. NOTE FOR REPAIRING SERVICE This model's power circuit is partly different in the GND. The difference of the GND is shown by the LIVE : ( ) side GND and the ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) : ( ) side GND. Therefore, care must be taken for the following points. (1)Do not touch the LIVE side GND or the LIVE side GND and the ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND simultaneously. if the above caution is not respected, an electric shock may be caused. Therefore, make sure that the power cord is surely removed from the receptacle when, for example, the chassis is pulled out. 2)Do not short between the LIVE side GND and ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND or never measure with a measuring apparatus measure with a measuring apparatus ( oscilloscope, etc. ) the LIVE side GND and ISOLATED(NEUTRAL) side GND at the same time. If the above precaution is not respected, a fuse or any parts will be broken. Since the circuit diagram is a standard one, the circuit and circuit constants may be subject to change for improvement without an y notice. NOTE Due improvement in performance, some part numbers show in the circuit diagram may not agree with those indicated in the part list. When ordering parts, please use the numbers that appear in the Parts List. Composition resistor 1/2 [W] is specified as 1/2S or Comp. AC indicated : AC withstand voltage [V] Electrolytic Capacitors 47/50[Example]: Capacitance value [ µF]/withstand voltage[V] (No. YA270)2-1 CONTENTS SEMICONDUCTOR SHAPES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-2 USING P. W. BOARD †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ -2 BLOC K DIAGRAM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (1/4), (2/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-5 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (3/4), (4/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-7 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT35/P] (1/4), (2/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. -9 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT35/P] (3/4), (4/4) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-11 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21VA15/P] (1/3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-13 MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21VA15/P] (2/3), (3/3) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-15 PATTERN DIAGRAMS MAIN PWB PATTERN [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T, AV-21MT35/P] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. -17 MAIN PWB PATTERN [AV-21VA15/P] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-19 VOLTAGE CHARTS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2-21 WAVEFORMS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-22 SEMICONDUCTOR SHAPES TRANSISTOR BOTTOM VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW CHIP TR E C B ECB E CB (G)(D)(S) ECB E C B B E C IC BOTTOM VIEW FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW OUT E IN IN E OUT 1 N 1 N 1 N CHIP IC TOP VIEW 1 N 1 N USING P. W. BOARD P. W. BOARD ASS'Y NAME MAIN P. W. BOARD AV-21MT15/P SCW-1714A-H2 AV-21MP15/T SCW-1715A-H2 AV-21MT35/P SCW-1706A-H2 AV-21VA15/P SCW-1728A-H2 2-2(No. YA270) BLOCK DIAGRAM MAIN PWB IC701 MAIN MICRO COMPUTER/ IF VIDEO RGB SYNC DEF. PROCESS R 108,109 SCL SDA TU001 TUNER IC702 MAIN MEMORY 127,128 SCL1, SDA1 SCL0, SDA0 I2C BUS MICRO COMPUTER G B DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESS R G B IC351 RGB OUT V01 98,99 IF LED 97 REMOTE 119 KEY_IN 122 SV_DET 29, 30 SIF IN I/O PORT PEAKING SCAN VELOCITY MOD. U/V DELAY SIF DETECT VIF DETECT/AGC/AFT SOUND TRAP SKIN TONE U/V TINT SATURATION ROUT GOUT BOUT OSD SELECT 85 86 87 CRT SOCKET PWB SF101 SAW FILTER SF102 SAW FILTER 24, 25 VIF IN 79 Y J801 S-VIDEO VIDEO-1 S_VIDEO INPUT V L R J802 Y VIDEO-2 COMPONENT VIDEO INPUT CB CR J803 L R SW1 Y1 C1 CVBS1 L1 R1 80 PB 78 PR 55 V2 58 Y/V1 59 C1 VIDEO SELECT B-Y R-Y VIDEO C IDENT. Y 51 V3 COLOUR DEMOD BASE-BAND DELAY LINE R G B BASS [AV-21MT35/P] J805 BASS SPEAKER OUTPUT RGB MATRIX & GAMMA V. DRIVE COMB FILTER Y DELAY ADJ. SYNC SEP. VDA,VDB 22, 23 V2/Y PB PR L2 R2 49 L1 50 R1 56 L2 57 R2 34 L3 35 R3 AUDIO SELECT H. DRIVE HOUT 67 J801 HEADPHONE SPEAKER L 20 A_L AUDIO SELECT AUDIO CONTROL A_R 60 61 9 3 OUTPUT J804 VIDEO L R V-OUT L-OUT R-OUT 48 36 37 IC601 AUDIO AMP 13 23 VOUT LOUT ROUT SPEAKER R Q983 Q984 1. 8V REG Q981 Q982 1. 8V REG 1. 8V 1 IC401 V. OUT Q522 H. OUT 5 V VIDEO-3 INPUT (FRONT) J806 VIDEO J807 AUDIO-L J808 AUDIO-R V1. 8V V3 L3 R3 REMOCON RECEIVER POWER LED D901 RECT T921 SW TRANSF. IC972 3. 3V REG IC975 5V REG IC973 12V REG H DY01 DEF YOKE 3. 3V_STB 5V 8V 12V 32V B1 T522 FBT SCREEN FOCUS TV/VIDEO VOL+ VOL- CH+ CH- MENU AC IN F901 S901 L951 POWER SW IC901 POWER REG PC901 VOLTAGE FEEDBACK IC951 ERROR AMP EHV (No. YA270)2-3 2-4(No. YA270) CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (1/4), (2/4) CN00C QGA2501F1-06 MAIN PWB ASS'Y (2/4) (FRONT LED) SCW-1714A-H2 [AV-21MT15/P] SCW-1715A-H2 [AV-21MP15/T] IC302 S9648 ECO R325 0 R326 X R322 X D303 R323 X X D807 X C807 .1 Q308 X C317 10/50 C806 100/16 R822 1K R824 470 S805 QSW0619-003Z S804 QSW0619-003Z S803 QSW0619-003Z S802 QSW0619-003Z S801 QSW0619-003Z IC801 RPM7238-H5 REMOTECON RECEIVER MAIN PWB ASS'Y(4/4) (CRT SOCKET) CN10T CN00T QJL001-065631 VIDEO-3 INPUT POWER LED (RED) D808 LH22440-T16 J806 QNN0281-003 J808 QNN0282-001 J807 QNN0281-002 R324 R328 0 R329 X R327 39K 0 J809 K801 X C825 NCB31HK-152X C826 NCB31HK-152X R817 X D814 *8 R630 270 1/2W QNS0155-001 R632 270 1/2W CN00S QGA2501C5-04Z SPEAKER R823 47 1/2W Y809 X CN10A QJL001-050600-E R762 220 R763 220 220 220 R764 R765 R627 X REMOTE PW_LED ECO_IN KEYIN R628 X LC805 QQR1199-002 B_MUTE R_AOUT L_AOUT Y_GND A_GND GND GND CN00A QJL001-050600-E R3 VDO_DET PROTECT S_REDUCE A_MUTE 4. 5/OTHER 5V ECO_IN REMOTE PW_LED SDA1 KEYIN SCL1 1. 8V PW V1. 8A 1. 8V 1. 8V S_V_DET 5V 3. 58/OTHER D341 *3 D342 *3 5V V3 L3 Y810 X R821 470 R820 330 R819 220 R818 180 R626 0 R629 0 R631 1K R633 1K C615 1000/25 C616 1000/25 R816 75 SDA1 SCL1 C1_GND D343 *3 Q341 *2 C1 R344 22 R961 1. 8K V12A S_V_DET R740 15K R788 0 D714 MA8030/H/-X D D707 *3 R794 2. 2K C792 . 1 G S L713 *4 W-A1 R755 1. 2K R750 10K 5V Q706 SSM3K02F-X D349 X R753 1. 2K D344 X D345 *3 Y1/CVBS1 Y_GND LC801 QQR1199-002 Y801 X R801 75 Y819 BW C D706 MA8036-X C777 . 1 C778 47/16 R760 100 SCL0 SDA0 R761 100 Q612 *1 R787 4. 7K R342 X 3. 3K 3. 3K 220 4. 7K *3 *3 C341 100/16 L304 X R320 X R319 X C316 X IC301 X C342 X C315 X C314 X C313 X X MC C312 X C311 X L303 X 3. V C305 X MC C310 X C309 X L302 X V2/Y V Y U PB PB_GND 0 0 R315 0 S1 1/50 22/50 C772 . 22 Q708 *2 R795 100K Q707 *1 Q705 SSM3K02F-X G .22 D Y717 QUY160-075Y 5V *3 0 Y802 X D817 *8 V1 L715 *4 C771 S R783 10K R776 15K C775 . 22 R758 3. 3K C767 VCC SDA L712 SCL WP 100 R976 1K 3. 3V_STB Q791 *1 SCL0 SDA0 C793 4. 7/50 Y791 X PW R790 1K R793 D713 MA8039/H/-X R736 100 X301 X C302 X R307 X R308 X R 310 X R311 X R321 X C318 X VDO_DET L1 R802 0 C821 NCB31HK-152X R1 R803 0 C822 NCB31HK-152X Y818 0 IC702 CH CH J801 QNZ0454-002 L1 VIDEO-1 S-VIDEO INPUT C770 . 1 D709 R745 R743 C783 R741 L714 R785 D711 C768 D712 R748 2. 7K R759 3. 3K 100 1K *4 .22 R730 0 R757 4. 7K C794 X R747 VSS R777 R771 A0 A1 A2 R739 0 R742 220 R744 220 R754 220 C303 X CH CVBSO/PIP Q307 X R318 X C776 . 1 MC R752 100 R751 100 100 R749 1K R1 R309 X R312 C304 X MC CVBSO/PIP_GND GND P_ON/OFF R984 47K R983 3. 9 1/2W R982 47K Q982 *1 R738 10K R981 3. 9 1/2W POWER SDAO S_REDUCE PROT VDO_DET A_MUTE ROTATION VER_PROTECT P25/PWM4 REMOTE SCLO SDA1 PW_LED PW_LED SCL1 TIMER TIMER ECO_IN VssC3 S_V_DET VssC1+P1 KEY_IN DecV1V8 V3. 3P VssC2 V1. 8C3 V1. 8C1 4. 5/OTHER 3. 58/OTHER P12/Int2 P00/I2SDI1 V1. 8C2 Q981 2SA562TM/Y/-T L711 *4 C766 . 22 C764 . 1 C765 100/16 L710 *4 L709 *4 R313 X V1. 8A D982 UDZS2. 0B-X VssP2 VssC4 1. 8V L701 *4 L702 *4 C701 . 22 C702 . 22 V1. 8C4 V3. 3A3 VrefP_Sdac 470/16 Q306 X Q305 X V1. 8ADC VssADC V3. 3A2 V1. 8A GndA RefAd V3. 3RefAdP 1. 8V D981 UDZS2. 0B-X R314 X Y817 0 R737 0 Q704 *1 R985 4. 7K R986 4. 7K Q984 *1 Q983 2SA562TM/Y/-T C763 . 22 C761 . 1 C762 100/16 L708 *4 C760 . 22 L707 *4 C759 100/16 R735 100 Y715 QUY160-100Y MC C306 X LC802 QQR1199-002 Y803 X D810 *8 R804 75 V2/Y_GND Y804 Y805 X X CONT PW R792 33 1/2W BL_GND PW 3. 3V_STB 8V A_VCC A_GND 5V 12V 3. V NECK H_DRIVE HFB ABL EW P_ON/OFF VDRA+ VDRBPROTECT V12A 32V TU001 QAU0353-002 TUNER K103 QQR1114-001Z L001 X K101 QQR1114-001Z L703 *4 CH VrefN_Sdac C704 C790 . 1 27p VrefP_Sdac IC701 VrefN_Sdac C705 7p CH VrefP_Sdac XtalIn XtalOut VssA1 GND RefAdN V3. 3A1 C307 MC X MC C308 X C703 LC803 QQR1199-002 Y816 X R805 75 J802 QNN0349-002 8V A_VCC A_GND 5V 5V 12V 3. 3V NECK H_DRIVE HFB ABL EW P_ON/OFF VDRA+ VDRBPROTECT V12A 4. 5/OTHER L003 QQL244J-4R7Z R317 C758 . 22 Bout R734 100 Gout K301 X Y806 X D811 *8 Y825 BW R806 75 C706 7p L717 *4 CH X701 QAX0799-001Z R756 10K ANALOG Rout C757 560p BLKIN CH BCL V5P3 Gnd3 DIGITAL R733 100 R732 1K K701 QUY160-150Y Y822 X L301 X PR PR_GND Y_GND LC804 QQR1199-002 Y807 X VIDEO-2 COMPONENT VIDEO INPUT R316 Y808 X Y824 QUY160-200Y SCL1 SDA1 NECK C823 NCB31HK-152X R2 L2 NECK CONT L718 *4 D812 *8 NECK CONT R731 1K MC C756 . 1 L706 *4 D708 *3 C785 2. 2 C707 . 1 C709 . 01 C710 6800p C708 100/16 C711 2. 2/50 C712 . 22 TF C784 X V5P1 MC R701 12K MC Ph2 Ph1 Gnd1 SecPll Dec8G EW MC VDRBMC VDRA+ R704 100 Vif1 Ysync Yin/G2/Y Yout Uout/INSSW2 J803 QNN0348-001 C755 10/50 C779 10/50 C753 . 1 C752 . 1 C751 . 1 C754 . 1 D753 *8 Y705 0 MAIN MICRO COMPUTER/TELETEXT DECODE/ IF VIDEO RGB SYNC DEF. PROCESS B3/Pb G3/Y R3/Pr INSSW3 PB GND V2/Y PR PR_GND BASS J805 X A_GND 5V C824 NCB31HK-152X C713 10/50 C714 EW . 022 MC R782 1. 2K NC R729 X D751 *8 Y706 0 Y821 QUY160-050Y 3. 58/OTHER CF101 QAX0349-001 R101 68 R005 75 C002 10/50 IF NC 32V LOCK 5V BM SDA D103 SCL AS BT AGC D104 C101 . 01 MC C111 220/16 C106 . 01 MC R702 X C715 . 001 R703 100 C716 . 001 OPEN SF102 QAX0723-001 VDRBVDRA+ C110 . 1 L101 QQL244K-1R0Z 8. 2K C780 . 1 C750 . 1 R809 0 V_OUT R808 X R807 100 1/2W C804 470/16 MC C001 . 01 Y008 0 C717 SF101 X X TF C718 . 15 R705 39K Vif2 Vsc Iref C749 . 1 Uin/B2/Pb Vin/R2/Pr V5Comb VssComb R728 Ssif/RefIn/Avl/RefOut R815 75 Q801 KTA1267/YG/-T D813 *8 J804 QNN0349-001 R104 100 L002 QQL244J-4R7Z C004 470/16 R001 220 x x R003 3. 9K R102 R107 X D101 X Q101 2SC5397/CD/-T C748 . 1 C809 X C746 . 1 100 R727 R726 27K 560 S_REDUCE OFF_MUTE R_AOUT L_AOUT BASS C003 . 1 R002 220 1. 8K 22 MC C107 X X X X GndIF Sif1 Sif2 V8AudioSwitches IfVo/FmRo/DvbO C109 0 X C747 10/50 L716 *4 L_OUT C802 10/50 R810 390 Y007 R109 R110 GND R_OUT D805 X R811 82K OUTPUT D102 C719 R706 Y003 X .01 220 Hout QssO/AmO/AudeEm MC AGC MC EHT R105 R103 Q102 X Y004 X FbiSo CVBSO/PIP Audio2InR Audio2InL C720 . 001 R707 22K DecsDem Y3/Cvbs R_OUT AgcSsif V_OUT L_OUT SifAgc HP_R HP_L Gnd2 V5P2 C005 . 0022 SVM R724 R778 LC701 X Y703 X X X R722 X Q702 X R725 X C803 10/50 D806 X R812 390 Q103 X A_R A_L PllIf NC R3 R1 R2 C4 C1 V3 MC 47/25 MC .01 V2/Y R813 82K L3 L1 L2 .01 C006 33/16 27 MC R004 27K C105 X MC MC C108 X R708 10K MC C736 . 01 C744 . 1 C739 1 C781 1 C782 1 MC C727 3300p C723 C724 C732 2. 2/50 R723 X H_DRIVE IC601 AN5277 AUDIO AMP NC L_R_MUTE B_MUTE GND_B B_OUT L_OUT ROUT GND VCC STB C103 C104 R106 C102 R108 D710 *8 X D704 *8 C741 . 1 X 1 1 HFB C745 . 1 C735 . 1 C740 . 1 5V D702 *8 C737 . 1 C738 1 U V R715 390 C729 2. 2/50 C742 10/50 Y ABL R709 1M C721 X Q803 *6 Q805 *2 Q804 *6 W-A D606 X Q611 *6 R636 0 R640 1K X R721 R720 R797 X R798 X RIN Y702 X BIN LIN NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC RF D703 *8 10/50 C730 22/50 R772 2. 2K R773 3. 9K R774 2. 2K R775 3. 9K R710 X C725 . 1 C726 10/50 C728 . 1 R711 2. 2K R712 3. 9K R713 2. 2K R714 3. 9K Y707 0 R007 X C734 L704 R786 75 R769 X R770 X CVBSO/PIP_GND C602 10/50 10K C786 L705 Y1/CVBS1 R719 CVBSO/PIP C1_GND V_OUT Y_GND R_OUT L_OUT V2/Y ABL A_L R3 R1 R2 C1 L3 8V 5V V3 L1 L2 X D S SCL1 A_R R637 5. 6K R604 10K A_R Y005 0 HP_R HP_L Q002 X R601 0 R662 X R602 0 C656 100/50 C601 10/50 R606 C604 2. 2 1/2W . 22 C603 . 22 G R618 R617 X C611 X D SDA1 C743 10/50 R717 R718 R768 100 3. 9K 2. 2K D001 X C733 R008 X G Q001 X S D602 X C605 . 22 OFF_MUTE A_MUTE B_MUTE 12V HP_R A_B A_B C655 X R605 C612 X A_VCC HP_L P_ON/OFF V12A D604 X L651 X CF702 X CF701 X C722 X R767 X D610 C662 10/50 *3 R619 X Y701 X R639 5. 6K R625 X Q701 X R607 2. 2 1/2W Q603 *6 Q604 X Q605 *6 C653 X R659 X C659 X C654 X C608 220/16 Y704 QUY160-075Y Y708 X Y709 BW Y711 QUY160-150Y Y713 X Y714 BW Y716 X Y719 0 Y720 X Y721 X C773 . 1 Y811 X Y812 X C609 33/50 R610 100K D651 X R652 X C651 X C652 R657 X X R658 X D608 x CP Q606 X MAIN PWB ASS'Y (1/4) SCW-1714A-H2 [AV-21MT15/P] SCW-1715A-H2 [AV-21MP15/T] R663 X C665 X R651 X R653 X R654 X IC651 X C660 X R664 X C657 X N D607 *3 R612 100K R613 X R614 100K R615 X R635 X D603 *3 R656 X IC651 X C607 220/16 Q601 *2 R649 1K Q602 *2 R655 X C610 220/16 N C658 X R611 10K Q609 *6 R634 0 R608 X R609 27K D609 x C661 10/50 ! CP650 ICP-N25-T Q607 *1 R623 33K R620 10K R621 2. 2K NOTE) 1. Refer to the part list for the part number of IC701 and IC702. 2. Refer to page 2-21 for voltages of this circuit diagram. 3. Refer to page 2-22 for waveforms of this circuit diagram. Y101 QUY160-075Y Y102 X Y103 X Y106 X Y107 X GND GND K102 QUY160-150Y K104 QQR1114-001Z K105 QUY160-150Y K106 QUY160-150Y K107 QUY160-150Y C112 0 GND GND R622 10K Q608 *1 C613 10/50 C617 x Y722 QUY160-150Y R616 X R624 68K GND GND Q610 X D605 X GND Y006 0 R766 X R638 X C606 . 22 5V 5V A_L CS21177 (No. YA270)2-5 2-6(No. YA270) R814 100K R006 X C731 R716 2. 2K X *4 D701 *3 3. 9K Y710 BW C614 *4 .1 .1 X MAIN PWB CIRCUIT DIAGRAM [AV-21MT15/P, AV-21MP15/T] (3/4), (4/4) P_ON/OFF PROTECT 3. 3V_STB BL_GND H_DRIVE VDRA+ A_GND A_VCC V12A VDRB- NECK HFB . 3V ABL 12V 32V 8V 5V EW PW IC351 ABL PROTECT STB TP-47G TP-47R TP-47B TDA6107AJF/N1 ! ! F901 QMF51E2-4R0-S RY901 QSK0061-002 ! PW ABL D956 *3 R963 22K HFB C966 100/16 EW VDRBVDRA+ R964 27K NECK PROTECT D957 *3 D976 X P_ON/OFF H_DRIVE P_ON/OFF HFB EW VDRBX ! R356 QRE121J-222Y CN0PW QGA7901C1-02 MAIN PWB ASS'Y(1/4) CN00T D370 150 150 150 L357 BW S901 QSW0750-001 NECK D594 X R596 X R351 100 ! VA901 QAF0060-621 R910 X ! C910 QFZ9072-224 Q955 *1 CH D595 X Q592 X R595 X Q591 X R355 QRE121J-222Y R357 QRE121J-222Y C351 1000p ! R597 X VDRA+ R358 QRZ0107-152Z R359 QRZ0107-152Z R360 QRZ0107-152Z SG351 X ! SK351 QNZ0536-001 C352 4. 7/250 X X L355 BW LF901 QQR0673-004 IC971 X CONT D593 X L356 BW ! C353 QFKC2EK-104Z AC110V-AC240V 50Hz/60Hz R352 R353 R354 Y901 X Y902 X Y903 X Y904 X GND SUB 32V VIN PROTECT 5V R421 10K Q422 *1 Q421 *1 IC401 LA78040N PROTECT D472 X THERMAL PROTECTION PUMP UP Vcc -Vcc R473 68K C422 QCS32HJ-180Z 2. 2K SG353 X SG352 X R380 R381 D351 FR105SGT-T2 12V 5V 8V C971 D354 D355 C972 C974 X C973 X X R971 X 3. 3V_STB V. OUT D591 X R592 X D592 X R593 C592 X X D356 L971 X X L351 QQL244J-220Z R594 X C593 X VO NC CN *9 *9 *9 ! SK351 QNZ0536-001 CNDEG QGZ5004C1-02 ! 22/50 CN0E1 Y906 X Y905 X Y907 X

Ecology Assignment

Assignment 2 Define the following Terms: 1. ) Endotherm: Organisms that rely heavily on internally derived metabolic heat energy, Hm (Pg. 109) 2. ) Ectotherm: Animals that rely mainly on external sources of energer for regulating body temperature. (pg. 109) 3. ) Poikilotherms: Animals whose body temperature varies directly with environmental temperatures. (pg. 109) 1. ) Concept 6. 2 Review #2 during severe droughts, some of the branches of shrubs and trees die while others survive.How might losing some branches increase the probability that an individual plant will survive a drought? Because of the limited supply of water sacrafices must be made the trees and plants that are not able to sustain the harsh conditions of the drought die while the plants that thrive will live. Although leave and branches may fall that is okay because of the shortage of water there will be water going to the places that need it the most and the branches are not the most substantial part of the plant. The roots and the stem is therefore that is where the priority lies. . ) Concept Review 7. 1 #1What environmental conditions favor plants with C3 photosynthesis? Why? Plants in moist climates use C3 photosynthesis. C3 photosynthesis requires CO2 and is the most common and easiest type of photosynthesis available to plants, it uses only simple chemical reactions within the leaf and that’s all it needs in order to work properly. 3. ) Define the term haploid. A haploid is a single set of unpaired chromosomes. In haplodiploid systems, males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid. Females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.